Sunday, October 4, 2009

GONZO NEWS

If the world is my oyster, where's the horseradish?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

A monk asked Yueh-shan, "What does one think of while sitting (kazen)?"

"One thinks of not-thinking," the Master replied.

"How does one think of not-thinking?" the monk asked.

"By not thinking," the Master replied.
~Zen Mondo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you're not living on the edge, you're taking up too much room.
~ GonzoZen Koan
…………………………………………………………………………….
INGREDIENTS

(1) The Nature of Money
(2) Acknowledgements
(3) Cerebral Resuscitation

=========================================================

(1) The Nature of Money

I spend way too much of my time dealing with money.

As a consultant, I have clients who want help getting money. The mission-based businesses (not-for-profits) want grants and donations, the for-profit entrepreneurs want grants (failing that, they want loans or venture capital or profits), the government agencies want grants (failing that, they want a bigger piece of the tax pie, or find better ways to save/spend/allocate money).

I served on the board of an economic development company which helps small businesses find money.

I have to collect money from my clients. I have to pay money to my creditors. I have to figure out how to make the money coming in at least equal the money going out.

Thirty years ago I left home for my First Really Big Adventure --- I had joined the U.S. Peace Corps. After an extended period of matriculation (a career academic -- two colleges, four majors, three scholarships, a GPA that wouldn't register on the Richter Scale, and finally ... a Bachelor's Degree in English/Journalism/Political Science/Psychology, [pick one]) I taught one semester of high school, fled screaming and signed up for The P Corps. Next stop, the PI, Philippine Islands, Republika ng Pilipinas.

For three years, I lived modestly and happily on $125 a month.
{Here was a typical day: Dawn - wake up, hit the beach, swim, snorkel, fish, lay out in the sun, shower, eat breakfast, by 8 a.m. in the field working with farmers. Noon - hit the beach, swim/snorkle/fish, shower, eat lunch, take a siesta. 2 p.m., back in the field, work w/ farmers/fishermen until 6 p.m. Hit the beach, swim/snorkle/fish, shower, eat supper at dusk. Young men come by, pick me up to join them in serenading their girlfriends. In bed by 10 p.m. Six days a week. Sunday all day at the beach. White sand and palm trees as far as you could see, and not a building in sight.}

Needless to say, that experience shaped my perception of what was IMPORTANT WORK and what was not. But even then, I was finding that money was intrinsically linked to IMPORTANT WORK.

I lived in the town of Sta. Magdalena, about three dirt roads off of the paved road, in the southernmost part of Luzon, the main island. I learned the local dialect, ate the local food, drank the local wine (lambanog, distilled palm wine that the Philippine Air Force uses to fuel jet fighters), and attended every barrio fiesta (of which there was at least one a week). My main project was managing a tree nursery, propagating coffee, cacao, pimenta (black pepper), and leucaena (ipil ipil). The funding for this project came from the International Human Assistance Project.

The Bureau of Agriculture had selected this town for a Peace Corps Volunteer because they needed to develop new cash crops. The market for copra (dried coconut, from which coconut oil is derived) had plummeted. Rice prices were fixed by the government at an incredibly low level. Those two crops had formed the basis of the local economy --- they needed to diversify.

Market research had shown a very high demand for coffee, chocolate (which comes from madre de cacao, NOT the coca plant, which is where cocaine comes from) and black pepper. Soil samples and ag research showed the elevation, rainfall and soil in Sta. Magdalena were ideal for growing these. Ipil ipil was grown for firewood, to help prevent deforestation of the native hardwoods.

I was placed there because of my agricultureal background, having grown up on a kudzu farm in South Carolina, where my father worked one full-time job in the textile mill, another in the fields. My mother worked at least two full-time jobs just keeping it all together. The farm raised mostly kids and dogs.

The Sta. Magdalena Nursery thrived. We distributed dozens of seedlings the first year. Three weeks after the first seedlings were given to smiling, nodding farmers, I visited each to see how they were tending the seedlings. About half were still in the plastic bags, having never been planted, and were little dried sticks. The rest had been stuck in the ground and forgotten.

Perplexed, I asked why they hadn't taken care of the plants. They apologized, mumbled, and promised to do better. I re-distributed seedlings, and three weeks later, the same results.

Faced with the failure of the project, I vented to the mayor, who commiserated, ordered everyone to take care of the seedlings, then left for an extended vacation with his mistress. I re-distributed seedlings, three weeks later, same results.

I did what any sane person, facing similar circumstances, would do. I had a few beers. San Miguel, for those who like beer, is one of the great beers of the world. I later found out, having spent about 9 months in the provinces, that it tastes even better cold.

With a warm San Miguel in my hand, I sat down on a crate in front of the sari-sari store (the Philippine equivalent to 7-11.

The daughter of the owner of the sari-sari told me she had heard about the problem I was having with the farmers. Bles Fuata had grown up in Sta. Magdalena, gone away to college in Manila, found a job there and was back home for a visit. She said the problem was, I was giving the seedlings away.

"But, these are poor farmers," I protested. "I can't charge them. Besides, this project is supposed to help them!"

Bles patiently explained that, unless the farmer perceives a value in something, he has no use for it. They accepted the seedlings because they didn't want to hurt my feelings.

Without paying for something, it has no value, she said. If they have some sort of investment in it, it becomes worth something.

So, we sold the seedlings for one peso (about 5 cents American). We didn't distribute quite as many, but they were all planted, cared for and thrived.

Conclusion (and about damn time): The farmers of Sta. Magdalena formed a cooperative. They are growing and selling coffee, cacao and black pepper.

They are harvesting firewood they have planted instead of deforesting the mountains. They have an investment in their own future. When I left Sta. Magdalena, I turned the nursery over to the cooperative, who hired a young man just graduated from the University of the Philippines with a degree in AgroEconomics.

So what did I learn about the nature of money? I learned I can live modestly and happily, that value is what the customer perceives it to be and nothing more, and that money is more than just a method of exchange, it is a means to an end. But not the end itself.

(2) Acknowledgements

I want to thank Bles Fuata for her wisdom. I want to thank Father Lito Fuentes of Sta. Magdalena parish for his friendship. I want to thank Sunshine Smith for referring me to Dr. Mark Albion and his "Making A Life, Making A Living" website and book [www.makingalife.com], as well as Responsible Wealth [www.responsiblewealth.org] and Business Leaders for Sensible Priorities [www.businessleaders.org].

And I want to thank my wife Miriam for indulging me in my insanity that dismisses material wealth as the measure of success. I am the richest man I know.

Sunday, May 3, 2009

Prepare for Success

Now is the Time to Prepare for Success

Community organizations have been undergoing an incredibly difficult time over the past several months. The economic recession has brought an increased demand for services, while philanthropic investments are either static or shrinking.

And most economists say this situation will be with us for awhile, and may even get worse before it gets better.

And to top it all off, most organizations are forced to use a system of funding that is, at best, fundamentally flawed. Organizations are forced to compete for funding from those whose own self-interest should dictate they advocate collaboration and partnerships.

Let’s take advantage of the current economic situation to complete re-invent fundraising and philanthropy. And those who start soonest, grow strongest.

Value Relationships

It has long been conventional wisdom that fundraising is based upon personal relationships. As a Board Member or supporter of Organization X, I go to see my friend and ask for his support for the organization. And we build our donor base upon those types of relationships and support.

But when my friend goes on the Board of Organization Y, guess who he’s coming to see? And so we go round and round with the check-swapping philanthropy. And it becomes evident that personal relationship fundraising is self-limiting, and reaches the point of diminishing return very quickly.

But when there is a value relationship between the donor and the organization’s services, we can move beyond the check-swapping philanthropy cycle into the realm of community investments. If I have a vested interest in the organization’s success, either personally or professionally, I am more apt to view any support I provide as an investment. And I continue to make an investment in the organization when I see that there is a return on that investment, in the form of positive outcomes that mean something to me.

When we reach the level of investment support rather than gift support, we can become a more sustainable, stronger organization.

What value does your organization demonstrate? Can you show the Return on Investment?

Th(INC), LLC --- The Innovation Company, can help you in securing investment support. We also work with you in helping forge the strategic collaborations and partnerships you will need to succeed for the future.

Call us at 904-553-2354. We offer a unique, cost-effective service that not only saves you money, but will help you earn the investment support you need.

Brian Smith
President and CEO
Th(INC), LLC
The Innovation Company
6999-02 Merrill Road
Suite 317
Jacksonville, Florida 32277

The Gospel According to Bubba

"When you are deluded and full of doubt, even a thousand books of scripture
are not enough.

"When you have realized understanding, even one word is too much."
~ Fen-Yang, Zen Master
=========================================================


"Outside of a dog, a man's best friend is a book.

"Inside of a dog, it's very, very dark."
~ Groucho Marx, GonzoZen Master
===========================================================


The Gospel According to Bubba
~A Parable on Giving~

Bubba Jones was a young man who had the great fortune and good sense to be born in the American South, where one of our cultural, recreational and spiritual activities is an event known as the Revival Meeting.

Revival Meetings are generally held in the late spring or summer, and feature all-day sermons that nourish your soul while testing your endurance.

Now, a famous E-vangelist (that's how it's pronounced down here) announced he was bringing a Revival Meeting to Bubba's corner of the world, and Bubba was determined not to miss it. His momma packed him a lunch of fried catfish and cornbread.

"Bubba," his momma said, "You take this here catfish and cornbread with you, I reckon you all gonna get mighty hungry before that preacher gets done."

Momma was a smart one, she had been to her share of Revival Meetings, and would have gone to this one if her lumbago hadn't been so bad. And if this preacher had been the healin' instead of the preachin' kind, she woulda gone anyhow.

Now, this preacher commenced his sermon in the morning, standing on top of a hill with a congregation of people spread out beneath him. He preached a powerful message that just kept getting more powerful. And it went on.

The sun was past noon and sliding down before the preacher paused to take a breath. By then, you could hear stomachs rumbling and growling throughout the crowd, and Bubba was sure glad his momma had packed him that lunch.

"Friends," the preacher shouted, "We're gonna break for a morsel of dinner. I plumb forgot to bring anything myself, and I know some of you out there are in the same shape. So, if there's anybody with a little something to share, why, bring it on up here and let God bless it."

Nobody moved. Nobody said a word.

Bubba looked around and thought, "Dang! I guess I'm the only one what brought something. Reckon what I oughta do?"

Now, Bubba had been raised right, and he knew what he had to do. So he steps forward and hollers, "Preacher! I got me some cornbread and catfish here! It ain't much, but everybody's welcome to share!"

Now, right now you might be thinking a miracle occurs and that catfish and cornbread multiplies. And you'd be right, but not exactly the way you think.

Right after Bubba announced he would share his lunch, and he started up the hill, there was a lot of whispering and mumbling among the assembled. People were nudging each other and saying, "If that Jones boy is willing to give up his lunch, we might had oughta, too."

So, they started opening up baskets and pails and pulling out ham and corn and what have you, and pretty soon there was a whole crowd of folk with food coming up the hill. And you know, there was so much food that everybody ate until they were full, and they still had food left over. So they took it over to the homeless shelter, and everybody there got fed as well. And it got to where they started making it a regular thing, that the folks would just cook up a little extra to take to those who needed it.

The miracle was, and is, that one person, one gift, can make a difference. That first gift inspires others to give, and the gift multiplies.

A lead gift is made by a leader. Leaders inspire, they motivate. Leaders are generous with their time, with their resources, with their knowledge and experience.

A leader is a gift, and a miracle.

Beyond Mission

Having spent the past 30-plus years living in a Navy town, I encounter a lot of former Navy officers now in their second career as consultants.

And invariably, they use nautical terms and analogies in their presentations. Comparing an organization to a ship, and the organization’s mission to various parts of that ship, has become a standard.

“Your nonprofit is a ship, and your Mission is the anchor that keeps that ship from drifting with the currents.”

“Your Mission is the rudder, by which you steer your nonprofit ship.”

“Mission is the sail, that captures the wind and allows you to move forward.”

“And recognize that your Mission is the ship’s keel, the backbone of the vessel, that is laid straight and true, and yada, yada, yada …”

This is, to use another military expression, “fubar.” That’s Fouled Up Beyond All Recognition (I paraphrase.)

If we continue to use the ship analogy, your Mission is not a part of the vessel, it’s the reason you went to sea in the first place. Your Purpose.

I don’t even like to use the word Mission. I especially dislike “Mission Statement.” Too passive.

I’m from the South. We don’t state things, we “declare.” Mr. T. Jefferson of Virginia wrote that inspirational document, “The Declaration of Independence.” If he had written, “A Statement of our Mission to Seek Independence” we’d still be drinking tea and eating scones.

No, we need to declare. A Declaration of Purpose is a bold, concise and memorable utterance that attests to what we do, why we do it and how we do it.

Tear down that Mission Statement hanging behind the receptionist’s desk, the one no one can remember or recite. Simply declare your purpose. Then work it.

GonzoZen - The Nature of Money

A monk asked Yueh-shan, "What does one think of while sitting (kazen)?"

"One thinks of not-thinking," the Master replied.

"How does one think of not-thinking?" the monk asked.

"By not thinking," the Master replied.
~Zen Mondo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you're not living on the edge, you're taking up too much room.
~ GonzoZen Koan
…………………………………………………………………………….
=========================================================

(1) The Nature of Money

Fundraising consultants have a unique and wonderful job .. to provide the means for community investment opportunities that connect those with means (money) to those who make a difference in our communities (ends).

Both the means and the end are important. I learned this years ago.

Twenty-six years ago, I left home for my First Really Big Adventure --- I had joined the U.S. Peace Corps. After an extended period of matriculation (a career academic -- two colleges, four majors, three scholarships, a GPA that wouldn't register on the Richter Scale, and finally ... a Bachelor's Degree in English/Journalism/Political Science/Psychology, [pick one]) I taught one semester of high school, fled screaming and signed up for The P Corps. Next stop, the PI, Philippine Islands, Republika ng Pilipinas.

For three years, I lived modestly and happily on $125 a month.

Here was a typical day: Dawn - wake up, hit the beach, swim, snorkel, fish, lay out in the sun, shower, eat breakfast, by 8 a.m. in the field working with farmers. Noon - hit the beach, swim/snorkle/fish, shower, eat lunch, take a siesta. 2 p.m., back in the field, work w/ farmers/fishermen until 6 p.m. Hit the beach, swim/snorkle/fish, shower, eat supper at dusk. Young men from the village come by, pick me up to join them in serenading their girlfriends. In bed by 10 p.m. Six days a week. Sunday --- all day at the beach. White sand and palm trees as far as you could see, and not a building in sight.

Needless to say, that experience shaped my perception of what was IMPORTANT WORK and what was not. But even then, I was finding that money was intrinsically linked to IMPORTANT WORK.

I lived in the town of Santa Magdalena, about three dirt roads off of the paved road, in the southernmost part of Luzon, the main island. I learned the local dialect, ate the local food, drank the local wine (lambanog, distilled palm wine that the Philippine Air Force uses to fuel jet fighters), and attended every barrio fiesta (of which there was at least one a week). My main project was managing a tree nursery, propagating coffee, cacao, pimenta (black pepper), and leucaena (ipil ipil). The funding for this project came from the International Human Assistance Project.

The Philippine Bureau of Agriculture had selected this town for a Peace Corps Volunteer because they needed to develop new cash crops. The market for copra (dried coconut, from which coconut oil is derived) had plummeted. Rice prices were fixed by the government at an incredibly low level. Those two crops had formed the basis of the local economy --- they needed to diversify.

Market research had shown a very high demand for coffee, chocolate (which comes from madre de cacao, NOT the coca plant, which is where cocaine comes from) and black pepper. Soil samples and ag research showed the elevation, rainfall and soil in Sta. Magdalena were ideal for growing these. Ipil ipil was grown for firewood and to help prevent deforestation of the native hardwoods.

I was placed there because of my agricultural background, having grown up on a kudzu farm in South Carolina, where my father worked one full-time job in the textile mill, another in the fields. My mother worked at least two full-time jobs just keeping it all together. The farm raised mostly kids and dogs.

The Santa Magdalena Nursery thrived. We distributed dozens of seedlings the first year. Three weeks after the first seedlings were given to smiling, nodding farmers, I visited each to see how they were tending the seedlings. About half were still in the plastic bags, having never been planted, and were little dried sticks. The rest had been stuck in the ground and forgotten.

Perplexed, I asked why they hadn't taken care of the plants. They apologized, mumbled, and promised to do better. I re-distributed seedlings, and three weeks later, the same results.

Faced with the failure of the project, I vented to the mayor, who commiserated, ordered everyone to take care of the seedlings, then left for an extended vacation with his mistress. I re-distributed seedlings, three weeks later, same results.

I did what any sane person, facing similar circumstances, would do. I had a few beers. San Miguel, for those who like beer, is one of the great beers of the world. I later found out, after having spent 9 months in the provinces sans electricity, that it tastes even better cold.

With a warm San Miguel in my hand, I sat down on a crate in front of the sari-sari store (the Philippine equivalent to 7-11. You can actually buy smokes one cigarette at a time, which is how I stopped smoking).

The daughter of the owner of the sari-sari told me she had heard about the problem I was having with the farmers. Bles Fuata had grown up in Santa Magdalena, gone away to college in Manila, found a job there and was back home for a visit. She said the problem was, I was giving the seedlings away.

"But, these are poor farmers," I protested. "I can't charge them. Besides, this project is supposed to help them!"

Bles patiently explained that, unless the farmer perceives a value in something, he has no use for it. They accepted the seedlings because they didn't want to hurt my feelings.

Without paying for something, it has no value, she said. If they have some sort of investment in it, it becomes worth something.

So, we sold the seedlings for one peso (about 5 cents American). We didn't distribute quite as many, but they were all planted, cared for and thrived.

Conclusion (and about damn time): The farmers of Santa Magdalena formed a cooperative. They are growing and selling coffee, cacao and black pepper.

They are harvesting firewood they have planted instead of deforesting the mountains. They have an investment in their own future. When I left Santa Magdalena, I turned the nursery over to the cooperative, who hired a young man just graduated from the University of the Philippines with a degree in AgroEconomics.

So what did I learn about the nature of money? I learned I can live modestly and happily, that value is what the customer perceives it to be and nothing more, and that money is more than just a method of exchange, it is a means to an end. But not the end itself. And that the means to an end is important.


"Before a person studies Zen, mountains are mountains and waters are waters; after a first glimpse into the truth of Zen, mountains are no longer mountains and waters are no longer waters; after enlightenment, mountains are again mountains and waters are again waters." ~ Zen Koan

"Good hitting will always stop good pitching, and vice versa." ~ Casey Stengel, GonzoZen Master

Formula for Success

“Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.” – Albert Einstein

Einstein would have been an excellent fundraiser.

He nailed it. E=Mc2. Energy equals Mass times Speed of Light squared.

Energy is what campaigns thrive on. And without that critical energy, campaigns will falter and fail.

A campaign can not survive on just momentum. Constant application of a field of intense energy is necessary to sustain the effort. Momentum can be halted by friction, obstacles in the path of the campaign. While a campaign in motion tends to remain in motion, the drag coefficient inherent in these processes, will begin to slow the campaign. Without a constant energy state, external factors, other priorities and plan old human nature intervene to produce the drag which slows momentum, stalls the campaign and allows inertia to set in.

Mass, in this formula, is money. The gifts received, which grow and accumulate, creating more energy. Money is a highly volatile substance, attracting like particles. That is, when coupled with the Speed of Light, squared, which is the pace and intensity of the campaign.

So, when a campaign is faltering, and needs to be re-energized, what must be done?

#1. Increase mass. A single large gift, or several large gifts, bring increased energy to the campaign. After months of solicitations, meetings, discussions, even the most loyal and dedicated volunteers can lose energy. But just one large gift can completely re-energize the committee and the campaign.

Frequently, donors who would otherwise support the campaign will wait on the sidelines until that catalytic gift is introduced, precipitating an increase in mass. Here, the gift is greater than the sum of its parts. A leadership level gift, introduced early in the campaign, sets in motion a chain reaction of events that produce massive amounts of energy, which sustain the campaign and allow the application of even more mass to the process. Even applied later in the campaign, a leadership level gift can create a fusion reaction which restores energy.

#2. Increase the intensity. Squaring the speed of light may be okay to begin the campaign, but when things begin to slow, you have to consider “cubing” the intensity. An exponential increase in the pace and intensity may be necessary to increase the mass (gifts) and thereby increase the energy.

A sprint to the finish is much more productive than coasting. Motion attracts attention. Attention yields interest. Interest produces involvement. Involvement results in support. Support equals gifts (or mass), which, combined with pace (speed of light, squared), produces more energy.

Intensity can be increased through more awareness of the campaign, with current donors engaging prospects in discussion and arranging introductions for solicitations. The higher the number of solicitations, the greater the intensity and the greater the potential for more gifts (mass, again). This increased intensity can yield that single catalytic gift, or a cumulative effect with larger numbers of gifts.

While physics and our dear friend Albert E. provide an interesting analogy for us to use in the discussion of re-energizing a campaign, let us not lose sight of the fact that success does indeed beget success.

No one supports failure. And the threat of failure is seldom as effective a motivational tool as the promise of success. So, for a campaign in need of positive energy, point to the successes achieved along the way.

“Never in the history of this organization has so much money been raised so quickly, and the potential for even greater success is within our reach.”

“We have met with more people, raised more money and more friends than we ever thought possible. People who have never supported us before have joined us, at significant levels of financial support.”

Capitalize on that success, promote that success. You are poised for success, and it’s a matter of reaching for it and grasping it, firmly and with both hands.

Failure is not only not an option, it’s not a possibility.

“If A is success in life, then A = x + y + z. Work is x, y is play, and z is keeping your mouth shut” – Albert Einstein

Teach A Man To Fish

“Give a man a fish, he eats for a day. Teach a man to fish, he eats for a lifetime.”

This maxim, variously attributed to Confucius, Buddha, Sun Tzu or Kilgore Trout, is used by people of different political persuasions, religions, cultures and philosophies to suggest that it is perhaps better to empower those in need than simply enabling them to continue in their neediness.

Hard to argue with that. A long-term solution is usually a better approach than a short-term fix. But what if, after all these years, the pundits had it wrong?

As a student of Eastern philosophy, I suspected that the lesson was more than it appeared. Zen koans and Taoist writings usually contain deeper meanings than first meets the eye. And when I discovered a variation on the proverb, I realized that it did, in fact, mean more.

“When I give a man a fish, he eats for a day. When I teach a man to fish, he eats for a lifetime.”

Do you see the difference? The “I” in this version changes the meaning, gives more depth to the concept. It is no longer just a testament to empowering others, it is a testament to personal responsibility. I am giving the fish, and I am teaching. I exercise my personal responsibility in order to teach someone else personal responsibility.

That’s a huge difference. Because, in the first version, who is going to teach? The government? The churches? Nonprofits? We simply assume someone will take up the task of teaching. Not necessarily me. I’m too busy. But someone should do it. And stop feeding him, for Pete’s sake. Teach him to fish!

By taking personal responsibility, we make sure that the job of teaching gets done. And we empower that person in need to take personal responsibility from hereafter.

There’s another important difference in the two versions. The use of the word, “When.”

Not “If,” but “When.” There is no either/or scenario. I give and I teach. As part of my personal responsibility, I must not only empower, I must give. What lesson are we truly imparting if we are content merely to teach someone to fish? We must also teach them to give.

Forensic Fundraising

My youngest daughter is a big fan of the crime scene investigation shows. She tries to solve the mystery before the solution is revealed at the end of the show.

While watching television with her one night, it occurred to me that fundraising was a lot like crime scene investigation. Except, of course, for the corpses lying around.

“Collect the evidence” – CSI

Our campaigns begin with a thorough examination of the scene. We call this a Feasibility Study. The investigation calls for our study director to canvas the area, learning as much as he or she can about the community, the client and “known associates.” This includes board, staff, volunteers, donors and community leaders.

By learning all we can about the client and their needs, we are able to prepare our investigative tools -- interview questionnaires, mail surveys and other instruments. Using these tools, we “collect the evidence” of potential support for their mission and proposed project.

“Round up the usual suspects” – Claude Raines, Casablanca

A comprehensive feasibility study gives us background information we need. With this evidence and a list of “suspects” we can conduct research into the motives and motivations of each suspect, to determine whether they are capable of committing the act of philanthropy. As the detectives say, we look at “motive, means and opportunity.”

The campaign provides the opportunity. The suspects’ assets and financial status provide the means. Motive is frequently the most difficult to establish.

What are an individual’s “hot buttons?” What compels him or her to invest in an organization? Obviously, the more closely associated that person is with the organization, the more likely they are to give, when asked. But when the connection is tenuous, or the association unclear, how do we determine the individual’s motivation?

Assessing the capability of a potential prospect is relatively straightforward. You can access county tax roles to see what type of property they own, and its value. If they are listed in Hoover’s Rich List, or in Forbes.com, you have a pretty good indication of their capacity to invest. A Google search or other Boolean search engines can provide you with links to a person’s background and assets, if the information is public.

“Quick Watson, the game’s afoot!” – Sherlock Holmes, The Hound of the Baskervilles

Determining motivation and interests is another story. This is where our investigator must get creative and dogged.

Most libraries have a Periodical Index which lists area newspapers, magazines, etc. These are indexed by subject, so you can look up an individual’s name and see which publications have articles written about or by that individual. The media coverage of a person’s life and activities gives an indication as to that person’s interests and motivations.

With what organizations is this person affiliated? What boards does he or she serve on? To which organizations has the prospect made significant investments?

A private individual’s tax returns are not part of the public record. But the gifts one makes to private nonprofits are. Any organization which files a 990 form, the nonprofit corporate tax return form, must list their major contributors as well as identify their board members.

Guidestar (www.guidestar.org) can provide information on nonprofit organizations – 990 forms, board members, etc. You must register (it’s free) with Guidestar online, then conduct an Advanced Search, seeking all organizations within a particular geographic area. A search of their Boards and 990 forms can reveal who supports those organizations.

Many states will also provide information on board members and registered agents of corporations, including private for-profit and not-for-profit corporations. This is generally available through the Secretary of State from each individual state government. Some states make the information readily available, others charge a fee. But you can identify which boards a person serves on, as well as any private enterprises with which he or she is associated. Annual reports of those corporations may be available to you.

Motive, means and opportunity. The ingredients necessary to commit first degree philanthropy.